For the biome distribution I used the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
You can find a 1km resolution image here (external link). I only had to map the different colors to the specific biomes in the script. More on the Script part.
List of the Minecraft biome mapping:
- Af – jungle
- Am – bamboo_jungle
- Aw jungle_edge
- BWh – desert
- BWk – desert_hills
- BSh – savanna
- BSk – desert_lakes
- Csa – plains
- Csb – sunflower_plains
- Cwa – modified_jungle_edge
- Cwb – jungle_hills
- Cwc – gravelly_mountains
- Cfa – flower_forest
- Cfb – flower_forest
- Cfc – mountains
- Dsa – savanna_plateau
- Dsb – wooded_badlands_plateau
- Dsc – snowy_taiga
- Dsd – giant_spruce_taiga_hills
- Dwa – swamp
- Dwb – swampland_hills
- Dwc – giant_tree_taiga
- Dwd – giant_spruce_taiga
- Dfa – forest
- Dfb – dark_forest
- Dfc – taiga
- Dfd – snowy_mountains
- ET – snowy_tundra
- EF – ice_spikes